3DBODY.TECH 2021 - Abstract 21.10

S. Gill et al., "Landmarking for 3D Body Scanning, Moving Manual Practices Into a Digital Realm", Proc. of 3DBODY.TECH 2021 - 12th Int. Conf. and Exh. on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 19-20 Oct. 2021, #10.

Title:

Landmarking for 3D Body Scanning, Moving Manual Practices Into a Digital Realm

Authors:

Simeon GILL 1, Carol MCDONALD 2, Emma SCOTT 3, Alfredo BALLESTER 4, Anke KLEPSER 5, Inga DABOLINA 6, Gerald RUDERMAN 7, Dinesh K. PAI 8

1 The University of Manchester, UK;
2 Gneiss Concept, Washougal WA, USA;
3 Fashion Should Empower Research Group, BC, Canada;
4 Instituto de Biomecanica de Valencia, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain;
5 Hohenstein Laboratories, Germany;
6 Research Laboratory of Ergonomics Electrical Technologies, Riga Technical University, Latvia;
7 Zdoit, Princeton NJ, USA;
8 University of British Columbia and Vital Mechanics Research, Vancouver BC, Canada

Abstract:

Landmarking has traditionally been a manual practice where the positions for measurement are marked onto a physical body by marking anthropometric points onto body. It is rooted in defining common points to allow, for instance, replicable measurements across a population. Such common points are heavily linked to skeletal and surface body features. With improvements in body scanning and contactless measurements methods, including automation, there is a need to better correlate virtual & physical practice. This further capitalises on the known accuracy of booth scanning applications and considers acceptable degrees of error from mobile apps This paper reports on research seeking to determine the differences in manual, manual virtual and virtual automatic landmark definitions and how they might be defined and applied. It is possible to establish categories of landmark and to classify different landmarks according to key features and to identify critical base points of reference that can be used for product-driven landmarks. This paper considers how "landmark and measurement" (LM) practice could evolve suitably for both virtual and physical environments while remaining relevant through posture change and across disciplines.

Consideration is given to advantages of body scanning and the necessary adjustments in terms of practice and approach which will benefit virtual measurement. Changes in practice between the physical and virtual include defining the origin plane to be the plantar plane, specifying the handedness of the coordinate systems, identifying coordinate transformation matrices for converting between CAD applications, and the order of listing the landmarks. We generalise the notion of landmarks to encompass anatomical folds such as the inframammary and gluteal folds. The virtual environment allows the user of scan data to understand the relationship of the locations of the landmarks. By having the landmarks in a coordinate system, it is possible to determine the body shape and translate the relationship into clothing patterns that promise advances in current practice. The data moves beyond the 1D and 2D to truly the 3D. Landmark tables have three methods for obtaining landmarks: manual, manual virtual and automated virtual. Automated virtual methods are defined by utilising algorithms to automatically find the landmarks and measurements on a body scan based on ISO or other international standard definitions. The manual virtual method is defined by the user manually identifying the most likely location for the landmark and the pose of the body in the scan, requiring transitional steps defining which provide suitable guidance. Landmarks can be determined using sectional planes, analysing the characteristics (e.g., convex hull) of the scan surface or analysis of sectional curves' shapes and proportions used to identify transitions. The manual virtual example utilized Rhino7 / Grasshopper software.

Keywords:

Landmarking, 3D Body Scanning, Anthropometry, Digitization, Anatomical References, body measurements.

Details:

Abstract: 2110gill-abs.pdf
Proceedings: 3DBODY.TECH 2021, 19-20 Oct. 2021, Lugano, Switzerland
Paper id#: 10
Presentation video: 3DBodyTech2021_10_Gill.mp4

Copyright notice

© Hometrica Consulting - Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo, Switzerland, hometrica.ch.
Reproduction of the proceedings or any parts thereof (excluding short quotations for the use in the preparation of reviews and technical and scientific papers) may be made only after obtaining the specific approval of the publisher. The papers appearing in the proceedings reflect the author's opinions. Their inclusion in these publications does not necessary constitute endorsement by the editor or by the publisher. Authors retain all rights to individual papers.


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